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William T. Cardwell Jr. Theory and Practice of Trumpet Air Column Design

Author: Gary J. Bast

Chapter 1 – Trumpet Air Column Considerations

Details the development and application of equations for equivalent length of

mouthpiece and leadpipe including the design of Athena F trumpet. This includes

concepts from D. J. Blaikley, Hermann von Helmholtz, Lord Rayleigh, Henri

Bouasse, T. H. Long, Philip Morse, F. J. Young, and Earle Kent.

Chapter 2 – Extra Human Testing

Methods and equipment to precisely measure the resonance frequencies where

an air column wants to vibrate.

Chapter 3 – Bell Design

Complete method, derivations, and examples for designing a bell stem to align

modes and designing bell skirt flares to achieve desired tone quality.

Chapter 4 – Intonation Correction

Addresses how to adjust intonation, correcting a single mode without affecting

others, perturbation theory, includes useful rules to identify, locate and correct

bore faults, and simultaneous equation and Fourier transform approaches.

Chapter 5 – Various Topics

Includes parametric math for mouthpiece, backbore and leadpipe shapes,

privileged frequencies (pedal tones), baroque natural trumpet considerations, an

assessment of moving fractional acoustic location of the gap, and acoustic

reference lists.

Chapter 6 – Appendix Mode Shift Curves

Mode shift theory, general perturber shapes and effects, perturber combinations

for 2nd 3rd 4th 5th mode shifts, zig-zag, veers and long slant intonation shapes.

Chapter 7 – Appendix: Summary of Trumpet Design Process

This is a step-by-step guideline on “how to” design a trumpet referring back to

specific sections of the book.

Overview & Preview

William T. Cardwell Jr.

Theory and Practice of Trumpet Air Column Design

Author -Gary J. Bast

Foreward by R. Dale Olson

This book (514 pages) is based on the trumpet research of William T. Cardwell Jr.

At its core are his presentations, papers, and research documents, both published and

unpublished. The author’s intent is to provide wider access to Cardwell’s research, and

enable a technically capable reader to fully understand and apply the principles

developed for the design and adjustment of trumpet air columns.

Technical background and application notes that were not generally provided to the less

technically inclined have been provided. Material from his notebooks and files were

added to address specific topics of interest that were heretofore only available for Bill’s

private use, or were only provided in correspondence to a select few.

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